Shotcrete or sprayed concrete
Shotcrete or sprayed concrete is a cement mortar that contains no coarse aggregate and is applied by spraying. It can be sprayed over mesh, steel pins, and ribs to form part of an integrated support system for soil or rock surfaces. The support systems maintain close contact with the ground surfaces forming a wall shape that restrains the excavation surface movement. Shotcrete is used to reinforce both temporary and permanent excavations. It could be combined with soil nails and rock bolts to form a light shoring system.
